Downhole pump

ABSTRACT

There is disclosed an improved pump ( 5, 5 ′) particularly suitable for use in a method of “artificial lift” in an oil/gas well. Known pumps used in artificial lift methods suffer from a number of problems/disadvantages—e.g. low efficiency (hydraulic efficiency). The disclosed embodiments of the invention provide a pump ( 5, 5 ′) which provides a positive displacement of a predetermined volume of well production fluid for each operative cycle of the pump-in contra-distinction known to pumps which provide axial flow of well production fluid. The inventive pump ( 5, 5 ′) provides a chamber ( 10, 10 ′) having a volume (V, V′), an inlet ( 15 ) to the chamber ( 10, 10 ′), an outlet ( 20 ) from the chamber ( 10, 10 ′), and means for varying the volume (V, V′) of the chamber ( 10, 10′ ). The means for varying the volume (V, V′) of the chamber ( 10, 10 ′) is controlled by relative rotation of first and second bodies ( 30, 35, 30′, 35 ′).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to pumps, and in particular, though notexclusively, to a pump for use in the oil/gas and/or chemicalindustries. A pump of the present invention is particularly suitable foruse in a method of “artificial lift” in an oil/gas well.

In many oil wells the oil does not have enough pressure to flow all theway up the tubing to the surface. The produced water and oil has to belifted up the tubing to the surface by one of several methods, normallycalled artificial lift. Even with a flowing oil well, as more fluids areremoved from the subsurface reservoir, the pressure on the remaining oildecreases until it no longer flows up the tubing to the surface.

A common artificial lift apparatus is the sucker-rod pump system. Thesucker-rod pump or rod-pumping system uses a downhole rod pump, asurface pumping unit, and a sucker-rod string that runs down the well toconnect them. The sucker-rod pump has a standing valve and travellingvalve. The travelling valve reciprocates up and down while the standingvalve remains stationary.

The sucker-rod pump system suffers from a number of problems. Fluidpound is a problem caused when the produced liquid is pumped faster thanit is flowing into the well. Gas enters the pump and the pump can bedamaged. Gas lock is an extreme case of fluid pound. Gas accumulates inthe pump and prevents the pump from working.

An artificial lift method used on wells that produce large volumes ofliquid is gas lift. In a gas lift well, a compressed inert gas calledlift gas (usually natural gas that was produced from the well) isinjected into the annulus in the well between the casing and tubing. Gaslift valves—pressure valves that open and close—are spaced along thetubing string. They allow the gas to flow into the tubing, where itdissolves in the liquid and also forms bubbles. This lightens the liquidand, along with the expanding bubbles, forces the produced liquid up thetubing string to the surface where the gas can be recycled. Theadvantages of gas lift is that there is very little surface equipmentand few moving parts. Gas lift is a very inexpensive technique when manywells are serviced by only one central compressor facility. However, itis effective only in relatively shallow wells. Offshore oil wells andcrooked or deviated wells that need artificial lift are usuallycompleted with gas lift. Gas lift is either continuous or intermittent(periodically on and off) for wells with low production.

Artificial lift may also be provided by means of a submersibleelectrical pump. A submersible electrical pump normally uses an electricmotor that drives a centrifugal pump with a series of rotating blades ona shaft located on the bottom of the tubing. An armoured electricalcable runs up the well, strapped to the tubing string. Electricity issupplied by a transformer on the surface. The electric motor has avariable speed that can be adjusted for lifting different volumes ofliquids. Submersible electrical pumps are used for lifting large volumesof liquid and for crooked and deviated wells. A gas separator is oftenused on the bottom of the pump to prevent gas from forming in the pumpand decreasing the pump's efficiency. Prior art electrical pumps aretherefore coupled to a turbine or the like and provide axial flow offluid.

A hydraulic pump may also be used to provide artificial lift. A knownhydraulic pump is identical to a sucker-rod pump except it is driven byhydraulic pressure from a fluid pumped down the well. It uses tworeciprocating pumps. One pump on the surface injects a high pressurepower oil (usually crude oil from a storage tank) down a tubing stringin the well. A reciprocating hydraulic motor on the bottom of the tubingis driven by the power oil. It is coupled to a pump, similar to asucker-rod pump, and located below the fluid level in the well. Themotor drives the pump, which lifts both the spent power oil and theproduced fluid from the well up another tubing string. The power fluidcauses the upstroke and the release of pressure causes the downstroke.It is called a parallel-free pump. In another variation, (casing-freepump), the power fluid is pumped down a tubing string and the producedliquid is pumped up the casing-tubing annulus. The stroke in a hydraulicpump is very similar to a sucker-rod pump stroke except it is shorter.Hydraulic pumps can be either fixed (screwed onto the tubing string) orfree (pumped up and down the well). They can also be either open (withdownhole mixing of power and produced fluids) or closed (with nomixing). Most are free and open.

Known pumps used in artificial lift methods suffer from a number ofproblems/disadvantages—e.g. low efficiency (hydraulic efficiency).

It is an object of at least one aspect of the present invention toobviate or mitigate one or more of the aforementionedproblems/disadvantages in the prior art.

It is a further object of at least one embodiment of the presentinvention to provide a pump which provides a positive displacement of apredetermined volume of well production fluid for each operative cycleof the pump—in contra-distinction to pumps of the prior art whichprovide axial flow of well production fluid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided apump providing a chamber having a volume, an inlet to the chamber, anoutlet from the chamber, and means for varying the volume of thechamber.

The pump may be adapted to be used downhole—e.g. in an oil/gas well.

The means for varying the volume of the chamber may be controlled byrelative rotation of first and second bodies of the pump.

In a first embodiment the second body may be provided within the firstbody and may be substantially concentric therewith.

In a second embodiment the second body may be provided within the firstbody and may be substantially eccentric therewith.

The chamber may be provided within the second body, and preferablylongitudinally within the second body.

The first and second bodies may each be of an elongate form.

The second body may comprise a rotor.

The first body may comprise a stator.

The means for varying the volume of the chamber may include at least onepiston supported by the second body and biased by means towards thefirst body.

A first end of the/each piston may communicate with the chamber while asecond end of the/each piston may be urged by biassing means intocontact with an inner surface of the stator.

Relative rotation of the first and second bodies may cause movement ofthe piston(s) thereby varying the volume of the chamber.

In the first embodiment the first body may have a substantiallyelliptical (or oval) internal bore. Further the second body may providea substantially cylindrical or optionally elliptical outer surface.

Alternatively, the first body may have a substantially cylindricalinternal bore and the second body may provide a substantially ellipticalouter surface.

Further the means for varying the volume of the chamber may include atleast one piston supported by the first body and biased by means towardsthe second body.

In the second embodiment the first body may have a substantiallycylindrical internal bore. Further the second body may provide asubstantially cylindrical outer surface.

The inlet may include a first one-way valve and perhaps one or moreback-up valves.

The outlet may include a second one-way valve and perhaps one or moreback-up valves.

There may be provided at least one pair of pistons supported by, andpreferably provided substantially within, the second body and radiallyopposing one another relative thereto.

There may be provided a plurality of pair of pistons, each pair beinglongitudinally spaced from an adjacent pair along the second body.

The/each piston may include a rotatable member free to rotate at leastalong a longitudinal axis with respect to the rotor.

The/each piston may also include a piston member.

The piston member may include a concave portion capable of receiving atleast a portion of the rotatable member.

In one embodiment each rotatable member may be in the form of a sphere,e.g. a ball bearing.

In an alternative embodiment each rotatable member may be in the form ofa cylinder, e.g. a rod (roller).

The means for varying the volume of the chamber may be driven by anysuitable drive means—e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric.

The drive means may include a drive shaft for rotating the rotor, inuse.

Preferably the rotor may be provided with at least one seal (or bushing)for sealing engagement with the stator.

Preferably the/each seal is/are made from a material selected from thegroup consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal,copper alloys and stainless steel.

Preferably the piston member(s) is/are made from a material selectedfrom the group consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone,metal, copper alloys and stainless steel. The piston(s) may be hollow,spherical, cylindrical, cuboid or polygonal.

Preferably the rotatable member(s) is/are made from a material selectedfrom the group consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone,metal, copper, alloys and stainless steel. The rotatable member(s) maybe hollow, spherical or cylindrical.

Preferably the/each biassing means, e.g. spring(s), is/are made from amaterial selected from the group consisting of plastics materials,polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.

Preferably the rotor is provided with at least two piston apertureswhich are disposed substantially opposite one another, each of thepiston apertures being provided with a respective piston.

Preferably each piston may have a slot, hole or gap to allow fluid toflow through the piston from the chamber, i.e. rotor channel, whichfluid flow may assist in lubricating contacting surfaces of thepiston(s) and the stator and the piston(s) and the rotor.

In a preferred embodiment the pump may comprise/include 24 pistons andrespective biassing means, wherein each piston and biassing means maywork individually in series, or in parallel with one another. Thisfeature is particularly beneficial in seeking to allow continuous flowof drive fluid through the pump, thereby, for example, obviating ormitigating hydraulic hose vibration.

The rotor may be provided with a plurality of pistons arranged in pairs,each aperture of each pair being substantially opposite to the other.

In a preferred embodiment one biassing means may be used for each pistonof a pair by traversing the chamber/rotor channel, but not cutting offfluid flow through the chamber.

In a preferred embodiment one or more one valves may be used for theinlet of the pump, and one or more one way valves may be used for theoutlet of the pump, allowing fluid flow to travel through the chamber.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provideda plurality of pumps according to the first aspect so arranged as to beoperating connected with one another.

The pumps may operate in phase with one another and may not be separatedby a one-way valve(s).

Alternatively, the pumps may be arranged so that, in use the pumpsoperate out of phase with one another. Thus two pumps with two chamberseach may be connected 90 degrees out of phase with one another.Alternatively, two pumps each with four chambers may be connected 45degrees out of phase. Arrangements such as these help to ensure a smoothoutput and inhibit drive motor stalling.

At least one first vent hole may be manufactured at a desired positionthrough the stator, allowing any pressure differential across the statorto be equalised, and held to the pressure external to the pump.

The rotor may be provided within at least one bearing pack which mayinclude at least one radial bearing and at least one thrust bearing. Thebearing pack may include at least one seal at a fluid upstream end andat least one seal at a fluid downstream section end of the bearingpack(s).

At least one second vent hole may be manufactured at a desired positionthrough a bearing housing, allowing any pressure differential across thebearing pack(s) to be equalised, and held to the pressure external tothe pump.

The rotor may be connected to a drive by means of a spline, hex, polygonor other similar coupling.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided awell completion including at least one pump, the at least one pumpproviding a chamber having a volume, an inlet to the chamber, and anoutlet from the chamber, and means for varying the volume of thechamber.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provideda method of artificial lift within an oil/gas well comprising the stepsof:

-   -   lowering a pump to a desired position within a borehole of a        well, the pump providing a chamber having a volume, an inlet to        the chamber, an outlet from the chamber and means for varying        the volume of the chamber;    -   driving the pump by varying the volume of the chamber thereby        pumping well fluids downstream through the pump and a tubing of        the well.

Herein the term upstream is intended to mean closer to the well source,and downstream is intended to mean nearer to surface.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided apump including an inlet, a filter means associated with the inlet, andmeans for cleaning the filter means.

The filter means may comprise a substantially cylindrical body and maycarry an end plate.

The filter means may be formed from a sheet form mesh material.

The means for cleaning the filter means may be driven by means by whichthe pump is driven.

The pump may provide a chamber having a volume, an inlet communicatingwith the chamber, and further an outlet from the chamber, and means forvarying the volume of the chamber.

The means for varying the volume of the chamber may be controlled byrelative rotation of first and second bodies of the pump.

The first and second bodies may comprise a stator and a rotor,respectively.

In one embodiment, the filter means may be rigidly attached to the rotorso as to rotate therewith.

The means for cleaning may comprise at least one blade, knife orscraper, to be known hereinbelow as the blade(s), rigidly attached tothe stator.

The blade(s) may have a serrated edge or surface which, when coming intocontact with the filter means, in use, may allow any debris orcontamination build up on the filter means to be removed.

Preferably the filter means is/are made from a material selected fromthe group consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal,copper alloys and stainless steel.

Preferably the blade(s) is/are made from a material selected from thegroup consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal,copper alloys and stainless steel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way ofexample only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are:

FIG. 1 a detailed sectional side view of a pump according to a firstembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 a detailed sectional view along line A—A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 a detailed sectional view along line A—A of FIG. 1 in a secondposition;

FIG. 4 a schematic sectional side view of a well completion including apump according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 a detailed cross-sectional view from the top of a secondembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 an enlarged view of the filter means associated with the inlet ofthe pump of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 a detailed sectional side view of a plurality of pumpsoperatively connected to each other according to an alternate embodimentof the present invention;

FIGS. 7A, 7B detailed cross-sectional views of pumps 5 ₁, taken alongline A—A of FIG. 7, and 5 ₂, taken along line B—B of FIG. 7, showingthat the two pumps are 90 degrees out of phase with each other;

FIGS. 7C, 7D detailed cross-sectional views of pumps 5 ₁, taken alongline A—A of FIG. 7, and 5 ₂, taken along line B—B of FIG. 7, showingthat the two pumps are 45 degrees out of phase with each other; and

FIG. 8 a detailed sectional side-view of a pump according to the presentinvention having several chambers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring initially to FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown a pump, generallydesignated 5, according to a first embodiment of the present invention.The pump 5 provides a chamber 10, having a volume V, an inlet 15 to thechamber 10 an outlet 20 from the chamber 10, and means for varying thevolume V of the chamber 10, which will be described in greater detailhereafter.

Referring to FIG. 6, the pump 5 includes filter means 25 associated withthe inlet 15 and means for cleaning the filter means 25, which will alsobe described in greater detail hereinafter. The filter means 25 arerigidly attached to the rotor 35.

The pump 5 of this embodiment is adapted to be used downhole—e.g. in anoil/gas well.

The means for varying the volume V of the chamber 10 is controlled byrelative rotation of first and second elongate bodies—comprising astator 30 and a rotor 35 respectively—of the pump. In this embodimentthe rotor 35 is provided within the stator 30, substantially concentrictherewith. The chamber 10 is provided longitudinally within the rotor35. The means for varying the volume V of the chamber 10 includes aplurality of pistons 40 supported by the rotor 35 and biassed towards aninner surface of the stator 30.

A first end of each piston 40 communicates with the chamber 10 while asecond end of each piston 40 is urged by biassing means such as a coiledspring 45 into contact with the inner surface of the stator 30.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the stator 30 has a substantiallyelliptical or oval internal bore. Further the rotor 35 provides asubstantially cylindrical outer surface.

Relative rotation of the stator 30 and rotor 35 thus causes movement ofthe pistons 40 thereby varying the volume V of the chamber 10.

The inlet 15 includes a first one-way valve 50 while, the outlet 20includes a second one-way valve 55.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, there are provided a plurality ofpairs of pistons 40 supported by and provided substantially within therotor 35, and radially opposing one another relative thereto. Each pairof pistons 40 are longitudinally spaced from an adjacent pair along therotor 35.

Each piston 40 includes a rotatable member 60 free to rotate at leastlongitudinally with respect to a piston member 65. The piston member 65includes a concave portion 69 capable of receiving at least a portion ofthe rotatable member 60. In this embodiment each rotatable member 60 isin the form of a sphere, e.g. a ball bearing.

In an alternative embodiment each rotatable member 60 may be in the formof a cylinder, e.g. a rod (roller).

The means for varying the volume V of the chamber 10 are driven by anysuitable drive means—e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric. The drivemeans includes a drive shaft 70 for rotating the rotor 35 in use.

The rotor 35 is provided with at least one seal (or bushing) 75 forsealing engagement with the stator 30. The/each seal 75 is made from amaterial selected from the group consisting of plastics materials,polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.

Further the piston members 65 are made from a material selected from thegroup consisting of plastics, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloysand stainless steel.

Yet further the rotable members 60 are made from a material selectedfrom the group consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone,metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.

Further also springs 45 are made from a material selected from the groupconsisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copperalloys and stainless steel.

The rotor 35 is provided with pairs of piston apertures 80, each of thepiston apertures 80 being provided with a respective piston 40.

As can be seen from FIG. 1 each piston member 65 has a slot, hole or gapto allow fluid to bleed through the piston member from the chamber 10,i.e. channel, which fluid flow assists in lubricating contactingsurfaces body of each piston 40 and the stator 30.

In this embodiment the pump 5 may comprise/include 24 pistons 40 and 12coiled springs 45. This feature is particularly beneficial in seeking toallow continuous flow of drive fluid through the pump 5, thereby, forexample, obviating or mitigating hydraulic hose vibration.

The rotor 35 is provided with a plurality of pistons 40 arranged inpairs, each aperture 80 of each pair being substantially opposite to theother.

Further, one coiled spring 45 is used for each piston 40 of a pair bytraversing the chamber 10—but not cutting off fluid flow through thechamber 10.

In a modified embodiment more than one one way valve may be provided atthe inlet 15 of the pump 5, and more than one one way valve may beprovided at the outlet 20 of the pump 5 allowing fluid flow to travelthrough the chamber 10.

It will be appreciated that a plurality of pumps 5 according to theinvention may be so arranged as to be operated connected with oneanother.

For example, the pumps may be arranged so that in use, the pumps operateout of phase with one another. Thus two pumps, as illustrated in FIG. 7,with two chambers each may be connected 90 degrees out of phase with oneanother, as illustrated in FIG. 7A. Alternatively, two pumps each withfour chambers may be connected 45 degrees out of phase, as illustratedin FIG. 7B. Arrangements such as these to help to ensure a smooth outputand inhibit motor stalling. FIG. 8 further illustrates how pump 5 caninclude multiple chambers.

Referring to FIG. 1, at least one first vent hole 85 is provided throughthe stator 30, allowing any pressure differential across the stator 30to be equalised, and held to the pressure external to the pump 5.

The rotor 35 is provided within a bearing pack 90 held within a bearinghousing 95, the pack 90 including at least one radial bearing and atleast one thrust bearing 90, and at least one seal 100 upstream and atleast one seal 105 downstream of the bearing pack 90.

The bearing pack 90 includes at least one second vent hole 110 providedthrough the bearing housing 95, allowing any pressure differentialacross the radial bearing(s) and thrust bearing(s) to be equalised, andheld to the pressure external to the pump 5.

The rotor 35 is connected to a drive means including drive shaft 70 by acoupling 115, e.g. a spline, hex or other similar coupling provided witha drive housing 116.

Referring to FIG. 1, the means for cleaning the filter means 25 aredriven by means by which the pump 5 is driven. The filter means 25comprises a substantially cylindrical body made of a sheet mesh, andcarries an end plate 160. The cleaning means comprise a pair of elongateblades 120 rigidly attached to the stator 30. The blades 120 may have aserrated edge 120, as illustrated in FIG. 6, or surface which, whencoming into contact with the filter means 25, in use, allow any debrisor contamination build up on the filter means 25 to be removed.

The filter means 25 is made from a material selected from the groupconsisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copperalloys and stainless steel.

The blades 120 are made from a material selected from the groupconsisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copperalloys and stainless steel.

In use, the rotor 35 is rotated via the drive means including driveshaft70. Well fluid is caused to pass through the filter 25 while the rotor35 rotates. The blades 120 which may be stationary relative to thefilter means 25 constantly clean the filter means 25. The filtered fluidthen passes through the inlet 15 and first one way valve 50.

The fluid then enters the chamber 10 (aided by a possible positivedifferential surrounding/external pressure) when the pistons 40, intheir maximum extended positions, are shown in a non-power position, asshown in FIG. 3. As the rotor 35 is driven through 90 degrees, as inFIG. 2, the pistons 40 are forced inwards due to the internal ellipticalshape of the stator 30 thus compressing the fluid within the chamber 10.The resulting pressure change within the chamber 10 forces the first oneway valve 50 shut and the second one way valve 55 open allowing fluid toflow through the chamber 10 within the bearing housing 95 and tosurface. This process is cyclical and occurs twice per revolution.

It is envisaged that the embodiment of the invention described above,which may represent a 3⅛″ diameter of pump 5, may supply fluid at anapproximate working pressure of 5000 PSI and a flowrate of approximately23.16 liters per minute which is equal to 210 US barrels per day.

For the disclosed 24 piston embodiment the flow rate Q may be calculatedfrom: $Q = {\begin{matrix}{NUMBER} \\{OF} \\{PISTONS}\end{matrix} \times \begin{matrix}{{CYCLES}\mspace{14mu}{PER}} \\{REVOLUTION} \\{{OF}\mspace{14mu}{ROTOR}}\end{matrix} \times \left\lbrack {\frac{\Pi}{4} \times \begin{bmatrix}{{DIAMETER}\mspace{14mu}{OF}} \\{CHANNEL}\end{bmatrix}^{2}} \right\rbrack \times \begin{matrix}{STROKE} \\{DISTANCE} \\{{BALL}\mspace{14mu}{BEARINGS}} \\{MOVE}\end{matrix}}$

Referring to FIG. 4 there is shown a well completion, generallydesignated 125, comprising a borehole 130 having a casing 135. Withinthe casing 135 there is provided a production tubing 140, and betweenthe casing 135 and tubing 140 one or more packers 145.

When it is desired to provide artificial lift a pump 5 is lowered downwithin tubing 140 to a desired position on coiled tubing 150 or thelike.

The pump 5 may be driven via power line 155 which may be a hydraulic orelectric line suitable for driving the drive means to which the rotor 35is connected. In use, therefore, well produce is delivered to thesurface via the coiled tubing 150.

Referring now to FIG. 5 there is shown a pump, generally designated 5′,according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Like parts ofthe pump 5′ are identified by the same numerals as for the pump 5 of thefirst embodiment, but suffixed “′”.

In the pump 5′ the first elongate body comprises a stator 30′ and thesecond elongate body comprises a rotor 35′. As be seen from FIG. 5 therotor 35′ is provided within the stator 30′ but longitudinally eccentricrelative thereto. Further, the stator 30′ has a substantiallycylindrical inner bore, while the rotor 35′ also has a substantiallycylindrical outer surface.

The stator 30′ has a central axis “S′”, while the rotor has a centralaxis “R′”.

By this arrangement relative rotations of the rotor 35′ and stator 30′causes movement of the piston(s) 40 thereby causing the volume V′ of thechamber 10′ to be varied.

It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the inventionhereinbefore described are given by way of example only, and are notmeant to limit the scope thereof in any way.

Particular advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be appreciated.For example, the disclosed pump is completely mechanical and is a metalbased device.

1. A downhole pump comprising: a first body comprising a stator, a second body comprising a rotor, the rotor being provided within the stator and carrying at least one piston, a chamber within the rotor, an inlet to the chamber provided at an upstream end of the chamber, and an outlet from the chamber provided at a downstream end of the chamber, the at least one piston being provided longitudinally between the inlet and the outlet, the at least one piston comprising a means for varying a volume of the chamber, and the at least one piston being mounted in a respective aperture passing through a side wall of the rotor, the respective aperture being substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of the pump, wherein, in use, relative rotation of the rotor and the stator causes reciprocal movement of the at least one piston within the respective aperture thereby varying the volume of the chamber, whereby well production fluid is caused to be pumped downstream through the chamber.
 2. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein relative rotation of the rotor and stator occurs, in use, along a longitudinal axis of the rotor or the stator.
 3. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second bodies are substantially concentric one with the other.
 4. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second bodies are substantially eccentric relative to one another.
 5. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chamber is provided substantially longitudinally within the second body.
 6. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one piston is supported by the second body and biased by means towards the first body.
 7. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first end of the at least one piston communicates with the chamber and a second end of the at least one piston is urged by the respective biasing means into contact with an inner surface of the first body.
 8. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 7, wherein the biasing means are made from a material selected from the group consisting of: plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 9. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first body has a substantially elliptical, oval or cylindrical inner surface.
 10. A pump as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second body has a substantially cylindrical or elliptical outer surface.
 11. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bore comprises a substantially cylindrical internal bore.
 12. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for varying the volume of the chamber comprises the at least one piston which is supported by the second body and biased by means towards the first body.
 13. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet includes a first valve means.
 14. A downhole pump as claimed in claims 13, wherein the inlet also includes one or more back-up valves.
 15. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet includes a second valve means.
 16. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 15, wherein the outlet also includes one or more back-up valves.
 17. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is provided at least one pair of pistons supported by the second body and radially opposing one another relative thereto.
 18. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 17, wherein there are provided a plurality of pairs of pistons, each pair being longitudinally spaced from an adjacent pair along the second body.
 19. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one piston includes a rotatable member free to rotate at least along a longitudinal axis with respect to the rotor.
 20. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one piston includes a piston member, the piston member including a concave portion capable of receiving at least a portion of the rotatable member.
 21. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 20, wherein each rotatable member is in the form of a cylinder.
 22. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 20, wherein the piston member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of: plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 23. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 19, wherein each rotatable member is in the form of a sphere.
 24. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 19, wherein the rotatable member is made from material selected from the group consisting of: plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 25. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 19, wherein the rotatable member is hollow, spherical or cylindrical.
 26. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for varying the volume of the chamber is driven by drive means.
 27. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 26, wherein the drive means includes a drive shaft for rotating the rotor, in use.
 28. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 26, wherein the drive means is selected from a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric drive means.
 29. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 28, wherein the means for cleaning comprise at least one blade, knife or scraper substantially rigidly attached to the stator.
 30. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 29, wherein the least one blade has a serrated edge or surface which, when coming into contact with the filter means, in use, act to allow any debris or contamination build upon the filter means to be removed.
 31. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 29, wherein the at least one blade is made from a material selected from the group consisting of: plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 32. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor is provided with at least one seal or bushing for sealing engagement with the stator.
 33. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 32, wherein the at least one seal is made from a material selected from the group consisting of plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 34. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one piston is hollow, spherical, cylindrical, cuboid or polygonal.
 35. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor is provided with at least two piston apertures which are disposed substantially opposite one another, each of the piston apertures being provided with a respective piston.
 36. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 35, wherein each piston has a slot, hole or gap to allow fluid to flow through the piston from the chamber, which fluid flow assists in lubricating contacting surfaces of the at least one piston and the stator and the at least one piston and the rotor.
 37. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pump comprises or includes a plurality pistons and respective biasing means, wherein each piston biasing means works individually in series or in parallel with one another.
 38. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 37, wherein the second body is provided with a plurality of pistons arranged in pairs, each aperture of each pair being substantially opposite to the other.
 39. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 38, wherein one biasing means is used for each piston of a pair by traversing the chamber but not cutting off fluid flow through the chamber.
 40. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more one way valves are provided at the inlet and one or more further one way valves are provided at the outlet of the pump allowing fluid flow to travel through the chamber.
 41. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one first vent hole is provided at a predetermined position through the first body, allowing any pressure differential across the first body to be equalised and held to the pressure external to the pump in use.
 42. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 41, wherein the second body is provided within at least one bearing pack which includes at least one radial bearing and at least one thrust bearing.
 43. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 42, wherein the bearing pack includes at least one seal at a fluid upstream end and at least one seal at a fluid downstream section end of the least one bearing pack.
 44. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one second vent hole is provided at a predetermined position through a beating housing, allowing any pressure differential across the bearing pack(s) to be equalised and held to the pressure external to the pump in use.
 45. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor is connected to a drive means by a spline, hex or polygon coupling.
 46. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is provided a filter means associated with the inlet and means for cleaning the filter means.
 47. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the filter means comprises a substantially cylindrical body.
 48. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the filter means carries an end plate.
 49. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the filter means is formed from a sheet form mesh material.
 50. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the means for cleaning the filter means is driven by a drive means.
 51. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the filter means is rigidly attached to the second body so as to rotate therewith, in use.
 52. A downhole pump as claimed in claim 46, wherein the filter means is made from a material selected from the group consisting of: plastics materials, polyethylethylketone, metal, copper alloys and stainless steel.
 53. A downhole assembly comprising a plurality of downhole pumps, each pump comprising a pump according to claim 1, the plurality of pumps being so arranged as to be operatively connected with one another.
 54. A downhole assembly as claimed in claim 53, wherein the pumps are arranged so that, in use, the pumps operate substantially in phase with one another and are not separated by a one way valve(s).
 55. A downhole assembly as claimed in claim 53, wherein the pumps are arranged so that, in use, the pumps operate substantially out of phase with one another.
 56. A downhole assembly as claimed in claim 55, wherein two pumps with two chambers are connected 90 degrees out of phase with one another.
 57. A downhole assembly as claimed in claim 55, wherein two pumps each with four chambers are connected 45 degrees out of phase.
 58. A well completion including at least one downhole pump according to claim
 1. 59. A method of artificial lift within an oil/gas well comprising the steps of: providing at least one downhole pump according to claim 1; lowering the at least one downhole pump to a desired position within a borehole of a well; driving the at least one downhole pump so varying the volume of the chamber therein, thereby pumping well fluids downstream through the at least one pump and a tubing of the well.
 60. A method of artificial lift as claimed in claim 59, wherein the tubing comprises coiled tubing upon which the at least one downhole pump is lowered within the borehole. 